Best Musical Instrument
1 - Electric guitar
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The electric signal can be electronically altered to change the timbre of the sound. Often, the signal is modified using effects such as reverb, distortion and "overdrive"; the latter is considered to be a key element of electric blues guitar music and rock guitar playing.
Invented in 1931, the electric guitar was adopted by jazz guitar players, who wanted to play single-note guitar solos in large big band ensembles. Early proponents of the electric guitar on record include Les Paul, Lonnie Johnson, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, T-Bone Walker, and Charlie Christian. During the 1950s and 1960s, the electric guitar became the most important instrument in popular music. It has evolved into an instrument that is capable of a multitude of sounds and styles in genres ranging from pop and rock to country music, blues and jazz. It served as a major component in the development of electric blues, rock and roll, rock music, heavy metal music and many other genres of music.
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Electric guitar design and construction varies greatly in the shape of the body and the configuration of the neck, bridge, and pickups. Guitars may have a fixed bridge or a spring-loaded hinged bridge, which lets players "bend" the pitch of notes or chords up or down, or perform vibrato effects. The sound of an electric guitar can be modified by new playing techniques such as string bending, tapping, and hammering-on, using audio feedback, or slide guitar playing.
There are several types of electric guitar, including: the solid-body guitar; various types of hollow-body guitars; the six-string guitar (the most common type), which is usually tuned E, B, G, D, A, E, from highest to lowest strings; the seven-string guitar, which typically adds a low B string below the low E; the eight-string guitar, which typically adds a low E or F# string below the low B; and the twelve-string guitar, which has six pairs of strings.
In
pop and rock music, the electric guitar is often used in two roles: as a rhythm
guitar, which plays the chord sequences or progressions,
and riffs, and sets the beat (as part of a rhythm section);
and as a lead guitar, which provides instrumental melody lines,
melodic instrumental fill passages, and solos. In a small group,
such as a power trio, one guitarist switches between both roles. In large
rock and metal bands, there is often a rhythm guitarist and a lead guitarist.
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2 – Piano
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The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings
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The word piano is a shortened form of pianoforte, the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from gravicembalo col piano e forte and fortepiano. The Italian musical terms piano and forte indicate "soft" and "loud" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack. The name was created as a contrast to harpsichord, a musical instrument that does not allow variation in volume; compared to the harpsichord, the first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic rang.
An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame. Pressing one or more keys on the piano's keyboard causes a padded hammer (typically padded with firm felt) to strike the strings. The hammer rebounds from the strings, and the strings continue to vibrate at their resonant frequency. These vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a soundboard that amplifies by more efficiently coupling the acoustic energy to the air. When the key is released, a damper stops the strings' vibration, ending the sound. Notes can be sustained, even when the keys are released by the fingers and thumbs, by the use of pedals at the base of the instrument. The sustain pedal enables pianists to play musical passages that would otherwise be impossible, such as sounding a 10-note chord in the lower register and then, while this chord is being continued with the sustain pedal, shifting both hands to the treble range to play a melody and arpeggios over the top of this sustained chord. Unlike the pipe organ and harpsichord, two major keyboard instruments widely used before the piano, the piano allows gradations of volume and tone according to how forcefully a performer presses or strikes the keys.
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Most modern pianos have a row of 88 black and white keys, 52 white keys for the notes of the C major scale (C, D, E, F, G, A and B) and 36 shorter black keys, which are raised above the white keys, and set further back on the keyboard. This means that the piano can play 88 different pitches (or "notes"), going from the deepest bass range to the highest treble. The black keys are for the "accidentals" (F♯/G♭, G♯/A♭, A♯/B♭, C♯/D♭, and D♯/E♭), which are needed to play in all twelve keys. More rarely, some pianos have additional keys (which require additional strings). Most notes have three strings, except for the bass, which graduates from one to two. The strings are sounded when keys are pressed or struck, and silenced by dampers when the hands are lifted from the keyboard. Although an acoustic piano has strings, it is usually classified as a percussion instrument rather than as a stringed instrument, because the strings are struck rather than plucked (as with a harpsichord or spinet); in the Hornbostel–Sachs system of instrument classification, pianos are considered chordophones. There are two main types of piano: the grand piano and the upright piano. The grand piano is used for Classical solos, chamber music, and art song, and it is often used in jazz and pop co
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3 - Drums
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A drum — also called a drum set, trap set (an abbreviation of the word, "contraption"),or simply drums — is a collection of drums and other percussion instruments, typically cymbals, which are set up on stands to be played by a single player,[ with drumsticks held in both hands, and the feet operating pedals that control the hi-hat cymbal and the beater for the bass drum. A drum kit consists of a mix of drums (categorized classically as membranophones, Hornbostel-Sachs high-level classification 2) and idiophones – most significantly cymbals, but can also include the woodblock and cowbell (classified as Hornbostel-Sachs high-level classification 1).In the 2000s, some kits also include electronic instruments (Hornbostel-Sachs classification 53). Also, both hybrid (mixing acoustic instruments and electronic drums) and entirely electronic kits are used.
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A standard modern kit (for a right-handed player), as used in popular music and taught in music schools, contains:
• A snare drum, mounted on a stand, placed between the player's knees and played with drum sticks (which may include rutes or brushes)
• A bass drum, played by a pedal operated by the right foot, which moves a felt-covered beater
• One or more toms, played with sticks or brushes (usually three toms: rack tom 1 and 2, and floor tom)
• A hi-hat (two cymbals mounted on a stand), played with the sticks, opened and closed with left foot pedal (it can also produce sound with the foot alone)
• One or more cymbals, mounted on stands, played with the sticks
All of these are classified as non-pitched percussion, allowing the music to be scored using percussion notation, for which a loose semi-standardized form exists for both the drum kit and electronic drums. The drum kit is usually played while seated on a stool known as a throne. While many instruments like the guitar or piano are capable of performing melodies and chords, most drum kits are unable to achieve this as they produce sounds of indeterminate pitch. The drum kit is a part of the standard rhythm section, used in many types of popular and traditional music styles, ranging from rock and pop to blues and jazz. Other standard instruments used in the rhythm section include the piano, electric guitar, electric bass, and keyboards.
Many drummers extend their kits from this basic configuration, adding more drums, more cymbals, and many other instruments including pitched percussion. In some styles of music, particular extensions are normal. For example, some rock and heavy metal drummers make use of double bass drums, which can be achieved with either a second bass drum or a remote double foot pedal. Some progressive drummers may include orchestral percussion such as gongs and tubular bells in their rig. Some performers, such as some rockabilly drummers, play small kits that omit elements from the basic setup.
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4 - Bass
Guitar
The bass guitar (or simply bass) is
a plucked string instrument similar in appearance and construction to
an electric or an acoustic guitar, except with a longer neck and scale
length, and typically four to six strings or courses. Since the
1960s, the bass guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular
music.
The
four-string bass is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which
corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest-pitched
strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G). It is played primarily with the fingers
or thumb, or striking with a pick. The electric bass guitar
has pickups and must be connected to an amplifier and speaker to
be loud enough to compete with other instruments.
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5 - Saxophone
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The saxophone (referred to colloquially as
the sax) is a woodwind instrument. Saxophones are usually made
of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece similar
to that of the clarinet. Although most saxophones are made from brass,
they are categorized as woodwind instruments, because sound is produced by
an oscillating reed, traditionally made out of woody cane, rather than
lips vibrating in a mouthpiece cup as with the brass instrument family.
As with the other woodwind instruments, the pitch of the note being
played is controlled by covering holes in the body tube to control the resonant
frequency of the air column by changing the effective length of the tube.
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The
saxophone is used in classical music (such as concert bands, chamber
music, solo repertoire, and, occasionally, orchestras), military
bands, marching bands, jazz (such as big bands and
jazz combos), and contemporary music. The saxophone is also used as a solo and
melody instrument or as a member of a horn section in some styles
of rock and roll and popular music. Saxophone players are
called saxophonists.
Since
the first saxophone was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe
Sax in the early 1840s, saxophones
have been produced in a variety of series distinguished by transpositions
within instrument sets and tuning standard. Sax patented the
saxophone on 28 June 1846, in two groups of seven instruments each. Each series
consisted of instruments ranked by pitch, in alternating transposition. The
series pitched in B♭ and
E♭ soon became dominant and most saxophones encountered today
are from this series. Instruments from the series pitched in C and F never
gained a foothold and constituted only a small percentage of instruments made
by Sax. High Pitch (also marked "H" or
"HP") saxophones tuned sharper than the (concert) A =
440 Hz standard were produced into the early twentieth century for sonic
qualities suited for outdoor uses, but are not playable to modern tuning and
are considered obsolete. Low Pitch (also marked "L"
or "LP") saxophones are equivalent in tuning to modern instruments. C
soprano and C melody saxophones were produced for the casual
market as parlor instruments during the early twentieth century. Saxophones in
F were introduced during the late 1920s but never gained acceptance. The modern
saxophone family consists entirely of instruments in the B♭ – E♭ series,
historical and experimental instruments notwithstanding. The saxophones with
widest use and availability are the soprano, alto, tenor, and baritone
saxophones.
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6 - Violin
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The violin, sometimes known as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family. Most violins have a hollow wooden body. It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use. Smaller violin-type instruments exist, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused. The violin typically has four strings, usually tuned in perfect fifths with notes G3, D4, A4, E5, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).
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Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres. They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz. Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound. Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music. The name fiddle is often used regardless of the type of music played on it.
The violin was first known in 16th-century Italy, with some further modifications occurring in the 18th and 19th centuries to give the instrument a more powerful sound and projection. In Europe, it served as the basis for the development of other stringed instruments used in Western classical music, such as the viola.
Violinists and collectors particularly prize the fine historical instruments made by the Stradivari, Guarneri, Guadagnini and Amati families from the 16th to the 18th century in Brescia and Cremona (Italy) and by Jacob Stainer in Austria. According to their reputation, the quality of their sound has defied attempts to explain or equal it, though this belief is disputed. Great numbers of instruments have come from the hands of less famous makers, as well as still greater numbers of mass-produced commercial "trade violins" coming from cottage industries in places such as Saxony, Bohemia, and Mirecourt. Many of these trade instruments were formerly sold by Sears, Roebuck and Co. and other mass merchandisers.
The parts of a violin are usually made from different types of wood. Violins can be strung with gut, Perlon or other synthetic, or steel strings. A person who makes or repairs violins is called a luthier or violinmaker. One who makes or repairs bows is called an archetier or bowmaker.
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7 - Acoustic Guitar
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An acoustic guitar is a musical instrument in
the guitar family that simply projects the sounds of its vibrating
strings acoustically through the air. Originally just called a guitar,
the retronym 'acoustic guitar' came in use to distinguish it from
an electric guitar, that relies on an electronic amplification system. The
sound waves from the strings of an acoustic guitar resonate through the
instrument's body, amplifying the sound. Typically, a guitar's body is a sound
box, of which the top side serves as a sound board that enhances the
vibration sounds of the strings. In standard tuning the guitar's six
strings are tuned (low to high) E2 A2 D3 G3 B3 E4.
Guitar
strings may be plucked individually with a pick or fingertip,
or strummed to play chords. Plucking a string causes it to
vibrate at a fundamental pitch determined by the string's length,
mass, and tension. (Overtones are also present, closely related to harmonics of
the fundamental pitch.) The string causes the soundboard and the air enclosed
by the sound box to vibrate. As these have their own resonances, they amplify
some overtones more strongly than others, affecting the timbre of the
resulting sound.
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8 - Trumpet
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A trumpet is a brass instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles. The trumpet group ranges from the piccolo trumpet with the highest register in the brass family, to the bass trumpet, which is pitched one octave below the standard B-flat or C Trumpet. Trumpet-like instruments have historically been used as signaling devices in battle or hunting, with examples dating back to at least 1500 BC. They began to be used as musical instruments only in the late 14th or early 15th century. Trumpets are used in art music styles, for instance in orchestras, concert bands, and jazz ensembles, as well as in popular music. They are played by blowing air through nearly-closed lips (called the player's embouchure), producing a "buzzing" sound that starts a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the instrument. Since the late 15th century they have primarily been constructed of brass tubing, usually bent twice into a rounded rectangular shape.
There are many distinct types of trumpet, with the most common being pitched in B♭ (a transposing instrument), having a tubing length of about 1.48 m (4 ft 10 in). Early trumpets did not provide means to change the length of tubing, whereas modern instruments generally have three (or sometimes four) valves in order to change their pitch. There are eight combinations of three valves, making seven different tubing lengths, with the third valve sometimes used as an alternate fingering equivalent to the 1–2 combination. Most trumpets have valves of the piston type, while some have the rotary type. The use of rotary-valved trumpets is more common in orchestral settings, although this practice varies by country. Each valve, when engaged, increases the length of tubing, lowering the pitch of the instrument. A musician who plays the trumpet is called a trumpet player or trumpeter.
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9 - Flute
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The flute is a family of musical
instruments in the woodwind group. Unlike woodwind instruments
with reeds, a flute is an aerophone or reedless wind
instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening.
According to the instrument classification of Hornbostel–Sachs, flutes are
categorized as edge-blown aerophones. A musician who plays the
flute can be referred to as a flute player, flautist , flutist or, less
commonly, fluter or flutenist.
Flutes
are the earliest extant musical instruments, as paleolithic instruments
with hand-bored holes have been found. A number of flutes dating to about
43,000 to 35,000 years ago have been found in the Swabian Jura region
of present-day Germany. These flutes demonstrate that a developed musical
tradition existed from the earliest period of modern human presence in Europe.
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10 - Keyboard
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A keyboard instrument is a musical
instrument played using a keyboard, a row of levers which are pressed
by the fingers. The most common of these are the piano, organ, and
various electronic keyboards, including synthesizers and digital
pianos. Other keyboard instruments include celestas, which are
struck idiophones operated by a keyboard, and carillons, which
are usually housed in bell towers or belfries of churches or
municipal buildings.
Today, the term keyboard often refers to keyboard-style synthesizers. Under the fingers of a sensitive performer, the keyboard may also be used to control dynamics, phrasing, shading, articulation, and other elements of expression—depending on the design and inherent capabilities of the instrument.
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Another important use of the word keyboard is in historical musicology, where it means an instrument whose identity cannot be firmly established. Particularly in the 18th century, the harpsichord, the clavichord, and the early piano were in competition, and the same piece might be played on more than one. Hence, in a phrase such as "Mozart excelled as a keyboard player," the word keyboard is typically all-inclusive.
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